Hypoparathyroidism is a condition where the body doesn’t make enough of a hormone needed to keep calcium levels normal, which can cause muscle cramps, weakness, and other health issues.

• Surgery: Damage to the parathyroid glands during neck or thyroid surgery is the most common cause.
• Autoimmune diseases: In some cases, the immune system attacks the parathyroid glands, causing them to stop functioning properly.
• Genetic factors: Some people are born with underdeveloped or absent parathyroid glands due to genetic conditions.
• Radiation treatment: Radiation therapy for cancers in the neck or head area may affect the parathyroid glands.

• Individuals who have had neck surgery: Those who have undergone thyroid or other neck surgeries are at higher risk, as the parathyroid glands can be accidentally damaged.
• People with autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as Addison’s disease or type 1 diabetes increase the risk of autoimmune hypoparathyroidism.
• Genetic conditions: People with a family history of hypoparathyroidism or genetic disorders affecting the parathyroid glands are more susceptible.

• Muscle cramps or spasms: This is often felt in the hands, feet, or face and is known as tetany.
• Tingling or numbness: You may feel tingling, particularly around the mouth, hands, or feet.
• Fatigue: Constant tiredness or lack of energy is common.
• Weakness: You may experience general muscle weakness or difficulty performing everyday tasks.
• Dry skin and hair: Calcium imbalance can lead to dry, rough skin and brittle nails.
• Memory problems: Difficulty concentrating or memory lapses can occur as a result of low calcium levels.

• Severe muscle cramps or spasms: If muscle spasms are prolonged or extremely painful, immediate medical intervention may be needed.
• Seizures: Very low calcium levels can trigger seizures, which require emergency care.
• Breathing difficulties: Severe calcium deficiency can affect the muscles used for breathing, making it difficult to breathe.

• Blood tests: These are used to measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood. Low calcium, high phosphorus, and low PTH levels usually indicate hypoparathyroidism.
• Urine tests: A urine test may be conducted to measure the amount of calcium and phosphorus being excreted by the body. This helps doctors understand how the kidneys are handling these minerals.
• Genetic testing: In cases where hypoparathyroidism is suspected to be genetic, doctors may recommend genetic testing to look for mutations linked to the condition.

• Calcium supplements: Oral calcium supplements are often prescribed to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.
• Vitamin D supplements: Active forms of vitamin D (such as calcitriol) are used to help the body absorb calcium more effectively from the diet.
• Magnesium supplements: In some cases, magnesium is also prescribed because low magnesium levels can worsen calcium deficiency.
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) replacement: For severe or chronic cases, synthetic parathyroid hormone may be used to manage calcium levels. This is often reserved for patients who don't respond well to other treatments.
• Dietary adjustments: Patients may be advised to consume foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.

• Persistent muscle cramps or spasms: These may indicate dangerously low calcium levels that require urgent treatment.
• Tingling or numbness: If these sensations persist or worsen, consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation.
• Fatigue and weakness: Ongoing tiredness or muscle weakness could be signs of an underlying calcium imbalance that needs medical attention.

• Regular monitoring: For individuals with hypoparathyroidism, regular blood tests to monitor calcium and phosphorus levels can help prevent severe symptoms and complications.
• Follow your treatment plan: Adhering to prescribed medications, such as calcium and vitamin D supplements, is crucial for maintaining healthy calcium levels.
• Avoid neck injuries: If you are at risk, avoid activities that could lead to neck trauma, as this may damage the parathyroid glands.
• Post-surgical monitoring: If you have had thyroid or neck surgery, make sure to follow up with your doctor for regular evaluations, as this is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism.

• Dietary adjustments: Consuming foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, like dairy products, fortified cereals, and leafy greens, can help maintain balanced calcium levels.
• Calcium awareness: Stay aware of your calcium levels, especially after surgery or during illness. Keeping a close eye on how your body responds can help you catch potential issues early.
• Stress management: Stress can impact the body’s ability to regulate hormones. Engage in relaxation practices, such as yoga or meditation, to maintain overall health.