Rat-bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis): Basic Disease Information

Rat bite fever / Streptobacillus moniliformis / Spirillum minus

What is Rat-bite Fever?

Rat-bite fever is a bacterial infection that can be caused by two different bacteria: Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus. It’s commonly transmitted to humans through bites or scratches from infected rodents, or by contact with a rodent’s urine or mucous secretions.

What are the symptoms of Rat-bite Fever?

Symptoms usually occur 3-10 days after exposure and include fever, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, vomiting, and a rash. A bite wound may also become red, swollen, and painful.

How is Rat-bite Fever diagnosed?

Diagnosis is often based on the patient’s history of rodent exposure and symptoms. Blood or joint fluid tests can be done to detect the presence of Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus bacteria.

What is the treatment for Rat-bite Fever?

The infection is typically treated with antibiotics such as penicillin. For patients allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics like tetracycline, doxycycline, or cephalosporins may be used.

Can Rat-bite Fever be prevented?

Prevention includes controlling rodent populations, avoiding contact with wild rodents, and practicing good hygiene when handling rodents, even domestic ones. Wounds from rodent bites should be cleaned immediately and monitored for signs of infection.

Is Rat-bite Fever fatal?

If left untreated, Rat-bite Fever can be fatal. However, with prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, the prognosis is generally good.

Are there any long-term effects of Rat-bite Fever?

Most people recover completely with treatment, but in rare cases, complications such as infections involving the heart, brain, or lungs can occur, leading to more serious health problems.

The symptoms of rat-bite fever can vary, but common manifestations include fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, vomiting, and rash. If left untreated, the disease can lead to more severe complications such as endocarditis, meningitis, or pneumonia.

To reduce the risk of rat-bite fever, it is important to take preventative measures such as avoiding contact with wild or domesticated rodents, practicing good hygiene, and maintaining a clean living environment.

If you suspect you have rat-bite fever or have been exposed to rodents, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. The disease can be treated with antibiotics, and early detection and treatment can greatly improve the outcomes.

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