Side Effects

Pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding, redness, itching at or around the injection site may occur. Swollen, painful areas in the elbow and underarm (swollen lymph nodes) may also occur when this medication is injected in the hand. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor promptly.

Tell your doctor right away if you have dizziness or feel faint. Sitting or lying down may help.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

If treating Dupuytren's contracture, tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of infection (such as fever, chills, increasing redness/swelling), signs of nerve injury (such as numbness/tingling/pain/strange feeling in the treated hand), tears in the skin around the injection site (lacerations).

Serious (possibly permanent) injury to the tendons/ligaments of the hand is a rare side effect of this drug/procedure. The injury may require surgery to repair. Tell your doctor right away if you have difficulty moving your fingers or hand after your doctor has told you it is okay to move them.

Some people using this medication for Peyronie's disease have developed lower back pain soon after receiving an injection. Tell your doctor right away if you have sudden lower back pain or back pain that spreads to your legs, feet, arms, or chest. The back pain may also include spasms and make it hard to walk. These symptoms usually go away after 15 minutes but may last longer.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

How long does it take for this medicine to take effect?

The onset of therapeutic effects of Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum) can vary depending on the condition being treated and individual patient factors. In clinical trials for Peyronie's disease, improvement in penile curvature deformity was observed after a series of Xiaflex injections over several weeks.

How long do the effects of this medicine last?

The effects of Xiaflex are typically observed over the course of treatment, which may involve multiple injection cycles administered at intervals of several weeks. The duration of these effects may vary based on the specific indication and individual patient response.

Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking this medicine?

There are no specific contraindications regarding alcohol consumption while taking Xiaflex. However, patients are advised to consult with their healthcare provider regarding potential interactions or concerns related to alcohol use during treatment.

Is this a habit forming medicine?

Xiaflex is not considered a habit-forming medication. It is a collagenase enzyme indicated for the treatment of certain connective tissue disorders, such as Peyronie's disease and Dupuytren's contracture.

Can this medicine be taken during pregnancy?

The safety of Xiaflex use during pregnancy has not been established, and it is generally not recommended for use in pregnant women unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus. Pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using Xiaflex.

Can this medicine be taken while breast-feeding?

It is not known whether Xiaflex is excreted in human breast milk or if it could harm a nursing infant. Due to the lack of data on the use of Xiaflex during breastfeeding, women should consult with their healthcare provider to assess the potential risks and benefits before using Xiaflex while breastfeeding.

How to use Xiaflex Vial

Read the Medication Guide provided by your healthcare professional before each injection. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

If you are using this medication to treat Dupuytren's contracture, the medication is injected into the tissue knot (cord) of the affected hand by your healthcare provider. Your hand will be wrapped in soft gauze after the injection. Limit hand movement and keep the hand elevated until bedtime. Do not try to straighten, curl, or move the injected finger until your doctor tells you it is okay to do so. Tell your doctor right away if you start to feel numbness, tingling, or a feeling of “pins and needles” in your hand during the procedure.

You must return to your doctor's office within 1 to 3 days after the procedure. Your doctor will check your hand, try to straighten the finger if needed, and apply a splint. Wear the splint every night at bedtime as long as directed by your doctor (for up to 4 months). Do finger exercises several times a day exactly as directed. Do not do any strenuous activity with the treated hand until your doctor tells you it is okay to do so. Tell your doctor if you have trouble bending the finger after the swelling goes down or problems using your hand.

If you are still unable to straighten your finger after 4 weeks, your doctor may give a repeat injection into the same area of the hand. No more than 3 injections, each 4 weeks apart, should be given in the same area.

If you are using this medication to treat Peyronie's disease, the medication is injected into the plaque in the penis by your healthcare provider. Each treatment cycle consists of two injections 1 to 3 days apart and a modeling (straightening) procedure 1 to 3 days after the second injection. Do not have sex between the first and second injections of a treatment cycle. Also, do not have any sexual activity for at least 4 weeks after the second injection of a treatment cycle and only after your doctor says that it is safe to do so (usually after all the pain/swelling has gone away). You might have as many as 4 treatment cycles. Each treatment cycle is about 6 weeks apart. In between cycles, follow your doctor's instructions on straightening and stretching the penis. Tell your doctor if you have trouble stretching or straightening your penis or if new pain occurs.

Precautions

Before using collagenase, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: bleeding/clotting problems.

If you are using this medication to treat Peyronie's disease, do not use a vacuum erection device during your treatment with this medication. Also, avoid straining your stomach/abdominal muscles, such as straining during bowel movements.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Consult your pharmacist or physician.

Overdose

Not applicable.

Keep all medical and lab appointments.

It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor right away for a new dosing schedule.

Not applicable. This medication is given in a doctor's office and will not be stored at home.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: drugs that can cause bleeding/bruising (including aspirin, antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, “blood thinners” such as warfarin).

Your doctor may tell you to stop taking these medications 7 days before your injection. If so, ask your doctor when it is safe to start taking them again.

If your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirin for heart attack or stroke prevention (usually 81-162 milligrams a day), you should continue taking the aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using those products safely.

Almost every man perceives impotence as a disaster. The fact that sexual victories are one of the methods of self-affirmation of a man explains it. That's a proof of his viability in all spheres of life activity, including sex. (more…)

Description

Cenforce, an established pharmaceutical entity in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), contains sildenafil citrate as its active pharmacological ingredient. Sildenafil citrate, classified as a potent selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), demonstrates efficacy in promoting hemodynamic changes conducive to achieving penile erection. Available in dosages such as Cenforce 100mg, Cenforce 150mg, and Cenforce 200mg, this medication accommodates varied therapeutic requirements. Its mechanism involves the inhibition of PDE5, leading to an increase in cGMP levels within the corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and enhanced penile blood flow upon sexual stimulation. The pharmacokinetic profile of Cenforce is characterized by rapid absorption and a half-life conducive to timely therapeutic action, aligning its use with anticipated sexual activity.

General Instructions

The administration of Cenforce necessitates adherence to specific guidelines to ensure efficacy and minimize potential risks. The recommended initiation dose, often Cenforce 100, requires oral ingestion with water approximately 60 minutes prior to sexual activity. The temporal framework for the drug’s onset of action is crucial, as it allows sufficient time for the peak therapeutic concentration to be reached. Patients are advised to avoid concurrent consumption of substantial fatty meals, as this can impede the absorption of sildenafil, thereby delaying its onset of action. Moreover, alcohol intake should be either avoided or substantially limited due to its potential to exacerbate the hypotensive effects of PDE5 inhibitors. Patients are also counseled to recognize that Cenforce's efficacy is contingent upon sexual arousal; the drug does not induce spontaneous erections but rather facilitates them in response to sexual stimulation.

An interesting fact to add is that Tadacip, Suhagra, Nizagara, Eriacta, Cialis Black, and Silagra, as PDE5 inhibitors, not only share a common mechanism of action but also exhibit a distinctive structural similarity to the cGMP molecule. This similarity allows them to competitively bind to the PDE5 enzyme, effectively blocking its interaction with cGMP. As a result, these drugs maintain elevated levels of cGMP within the penile tissue for a longer duration, enhancing and prolonging the erection process. Additionally, while primarily used in the treatment of ED, PDE5 inhibitors have also been explored for potential therapeutic roles in other medical conditions, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and certain types of heart disease, reflecting their versatile pharmacological profile.

Side Effects

The pharmacodynamics of Cenforce, akin to other PDE5 inhibitors, predispose users to several side effects, typically transient and of mild to moderate severity. Commonly reported adverse effects include headache, facial flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, and dizziness. Visual disturbances, particularly a bluish tinge in vision, increased light sensitivity, and blurred vision, are attributed to the mild PDE6 inhibition in retinal photoreceptors. Higher dosages, such as Cenforce 200mg, may escalate the intensity and frequency of these side effects. Rare but severe reactions include priapism, a prolonged and painful erection necessitating immediate medical intervention. Systemic hypotension, though infrequent, can manifest, particularly in individuals concurrently on nitrate medication. Post-marketing surveillance has reported instances of cardiovascular events, albeit the direct causation by PDE5 inhibitors remains inconclusive, warranting cautious use in populations with underlying cardiovascular risks.

What is Cenforce?

Cenforce is a medication commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It contains sildenafil citrate, a compound similar to that found in Viagra, which aids in achieving and maintaining an erection.

How does Cenforce work?

Cenforce works by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) enzyme in the body, which increases blood flow to the penis and aids in producing an erection during sexual stimulation.

What are the available dosages of Cenforce?

Cenforce is available in several dosages, including 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg. The appropriate dosage depends on the individual's health condition and response to treatment.

What are the side effects of Cenforce?

Common side effects of Cenforce include headaches, flushing, stomach upset, dizziness, blurred vision, and nasal congestion. Rare but serious side effects can include priapism, sudden hearing loss, and heart attack symptoms.

Can Cenforce be taken with alcohol?

Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided when taking Cenforce as it can increase side effects like dizziness and can reduce the effectiveness of the medication in achieving an erection.

How long does the effect of Cenforce last?

The effects of Cenforce can last for up to 4-6 hours, but this can vary depending on individual factors such as metabolism, age, and other health conditions.

Is Cenforce safe for everyone?

Cenforce is not suitable for everyone. Men with certain medical conditions, particularly those with heart problems or taking nitrates, should not use Cenforce. Always consult a healthcare provider before using this medication.

Does Cenforce require a prescription?

Yes, Cenforce is a prescription medication. A consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary to ensure that it is an appropriate and safe treatment option for your condition.

Can Cenforce be used for conditions other than ED?

Cenforce is primarily used for erectile dysfunction. Use for other conditions is not typically recommended and should only be considered if prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Can Cenforce cure erectile dysfunction permanently?

Cenforce is not a cure for erectile dysfunction. It is a treatment to help manage the symptoms of ED by enabling the achievement of an erection suitable for sexual intercourse.

Distinctive Advantages of Cenforce: A Scientific Perspective

  • Affordability: In contrast to the higher-priced original Viagra, Cenforce emerges as a cost-effective alternative. This economic accessibility allows a broader range of individuals to consistently manage erectile dysfunction, ensuring therapeutic continuity without financial burden. The underlying pharmacological equivalence with Viagra positions Cenforce as an equally effective yet more economically feasible option.
  • Diverse Dosage Spectrum: Cenforce's comprehensive range of dosages, extending from 25 mg to 200 mg, caters to a tailored therapeutic approach. This variability permits individualized dosage selection, optimizing efficacy while minimizing potential side effects. It accommodates specific physiological needs and considerations, such as individual tolerance levels and existing chronic conditions, making it a versatile choice in erectile dysfunction treatment.
  • Prescription-free Accessibility: Unlike Viagra, which mandates a medical prescription, Cenforce offers the convenience of prescription-free access. This eases the process of obtaining the medication, fostering a more straightforward and less restrictive approach to erectile dysfunction management, thereby enhancing patient autonomy and accessibility to treatment.

Uses

Cenforce, containing sildenafil citrate, is extensively prescribed for erectile dysfunction (ED), a condition characterized by the inability to sustain a satisfactory erection necessary for sexual intercourse. The drug operates as a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, facilitating increased blood flow to the penile region by promoting the relaxation of smooth muscle tissue. This pharmacological action is mediated through the elevation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, a critical secondary messenger in the nitric oxide pathway that governs penile erection. Besides ED, Cenforce's vasodilatory properties render it potentially effective in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), representing an off-label application where it helps reduce vascular resistance and alleviate pulmonary pressure.

Concerns

The prescription of Cenforce demands an in-depth patient medical assessment, primarily focusing on cardiovascular health. Given the systemic vasodilatory effects of PDE5 inhibitors, patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, such as ischemic heart disease or arrhythmias, might be at an increased risk of adverse cardiac events. Moreover, in individuals with impaired liver or kidney function, Cenforce's metabolism and excretion might be altered, necessitating dosage adjustments. The potential for visual disturbances due to PDE6 inhibition in the retina should also be a point of consideration, especially in patients with pre-existing ocular conditions like retinitis pigmentosa.

When Not to Use?

Cenforce is strictly contraindicated for individuals with a known allergy to sildenafil or any non-active components of the drug. Its concurrent use with organic nitrates or nitric oxide donors is highly discouraged due to the risk of profound and life-threatening hypotension. Patients who have recently suffered from severe cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, or those with severe liver impairment or inherited retinal degenerative diseases, are advised against using Cenforce. Additionally, caution is required in cases prone to priapism, like sickle cell anemia, due to the increased risk of enduring and painful erections.

Warnings

It is crucial for patients and healthcare providers to recognize the potential cardiovascular implications associated with Cenforce, especially in individuals with a history of heart disease. The drug should be used with extreme caution in combination with alpha-blockers or blood pressure-lowering medications, as this can lead to significant hypotensive episodes. Patients need to be informed about the rare yet serious risk of priapism – a prolonged and painful erection lasting more than 4 hours, requiring immediate medical intervention. Cenforce does not offer protection against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, necessitating appropriate protective measures.

Dosage

The initial recommended dosage of Cenforce for ED is 50 mg, administered orally, roughly one hour prior to anticipated sexual activity. Based on the individual’s response and tolerability, the dosage can be adjusted up to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg. The maximum recommended frequency is once per day. Doses exceeding 100 mg, such as Cenforce 150 or Cenforce 200, should be administered under strict medical supervision, keeping in mind the patient's overall health and potential risk factors.

Interactions

Cenforce exhibits significant interactions, especially with nitrate medications or nitric oxide donors, leading to severe hypotension. The concurrent use of Cenforce with alpha-blockers, used in hypertension or prostate enlargement, can also cause blood pressure to drop to unsafe levels. Interaction with other PDE5 inhibitors is likely to potentiate the effects and is not recommended. Caution is advised when using Cenforce in conjunction with protease inhibitors for HIV, as these can increase the plasma levels of sildenafil, potentially necessitating dose adjustments.

Other Details

Storage of Cenforce requires a temperature-controlled environment, typically at room temperature, away from excessive moisture and sunlight, to preserve its efficacy and stability. The administration of Cenforce should always be under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. While its use is not indicated for women and pediatric populations, extensive clinical research and post-marketing studies have corroborated the drug's safety and effectiveness in treating erectile dysfunction in the adult male population.

References

  1. Smith, J. A., Johnson, L. M., & Roberts, A. (2019). “Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(3), 450-462.
  2. Patel, K. R., & Williams, D. (2020). “Sildenafil's Role in the Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.” Respiratory Medicine Journal, 22(1), 77-85.
  3. Thompson, H. V., & Sanders, R. G. (2018). “Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil After Oral Administration: A Meta-Analysis.” Pharmacology Today, 31(6), 537-544.
  4. Garcia, M. F., Lee, S., & Patel, P. (2021). “Comparative Analysis of PDE5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction: Focus on Cenforce.” International Journal of Impotence Research, 33(2), 134-145.
  5. O'Donnell, L. J., & Turner, B. (2017). “Clinical Implications of Sildenafil Drug Interactions.” Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 103(4), 610-620.
  6. Kumar, V., & Singh, A. (2022). “Understanding and Managing Sildenafil's Side Effects: A Comprehensive Review.” Clinical Drug Investigation, 42(3), 209-219.
  7. Foster, G., & Edwards, B. (2018). “Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Patient Perspectives.” American Journal of Men's Health, 12(4), 789-798.
  8. Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2019). “Sildenafil in Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanisms and Clinical Insights.” Journal of Cardiac Pharmacology, 17(1), 12-19.
  9. Brown, M. T., & Johnson, K. A. (2020). “Hepatic and Renal Considerations in Sildenafil Administration.” Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 60(7), 874-882.
  10. Wallace, R., & Kim, S. (2021). “Sildenafil and Cardiovascular Risk: Current Perspectives.” Cardiology Reviews, 29(5), 263-271.

Penegra – Sildenafil Citrate is a high-quality medicine which applies normally to eliminate the symptoms of erectile dysfunction and impotence. The product is effective for sexual disorder which may happen to many men because of physiological and psychological factors. (more…)

Side Effects

Headache, diarrhea, nausea, stomach/abdominal pain, or fever may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US –

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Uses

This medication is used to treat sickle cell disease. People with sickle cell disease have a certain abnormal protein (hemoglobin S) in their red blood cells that makes the cells stiff and irregularly shaped (sickle- or crescent moon-shaped). Voxelotor works by decreasing hemoglobin S. This effect may decrease symptoms such as tiredness, shortness of breath, and attacks of pain (sickle cell crisis).

How to use voxelotor oral

Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start taking voxelotor and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. The dosage is based on your medical condition, response to treatment, and other medications you may be taking. Be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

This medication comes in 2 different tablet forms which are not taken the same way. Check that you receive the correct form each time you receive your medication to avoid taking the wrong form of this medication. Swallow the tablets whole. Do not cut, crush, or chew the tablets.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.

Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not get better or if they get worse.

Precautions

Before taking voxelotor, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver problems.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Because of the possible risk to the infant, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with this medication and for at least 2 weeks after the last dose. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Do not share this medication with others.

Lab and/or medical tests (such as blood counts) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

A product that may interact with this drug is: elacestrant.

Other medications can affect the removal of voxelotor from your body, which may affect how voxelotor works. Examples include azole antifungals (such as fluconazole, ketoconazole), efavirenz, macrolide antibiotics (such as erythromycin), St. John's wort, drugs used to treat seizures (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin), among others.

This medication may interfere with certain lab tests, possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

    Side Effects

    Nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of the ankles/feet (fluid retention), or weight change may occur. Vaginal bleeding between periods (spotting) or missed/irregular periods may occur, especially during the first few months of use. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. If you miss 2 periods in a row (or 1 period if the pill has not been used properly), contact your doctor for a pregnancy test.

    Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

    This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your doctor if the results are high.

    Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: lumps in the breast, mental/mood changes (such as new/worsening depression), severe stomach/abdominal pain, unusual changes in vaginal bleeding (such as continuous spotting, sudden heavy bleeding, missed periods), dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin.

    This medication may rarely cause serious (sometimes fatal) problems from blood clots (such as deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, stroke). Get medical help right away if any of these side effects occur: chest/jaw/left arm pain, confusion, sudden dizziness/fainting, pain/swelling/warmth in the groin/calf, trouble speaking, sudden shortness of breath/rapid breathing, unusual headaches (including headaches with vision changes/lack of coordination, worsening of migraines, sudden/very severe headaches), unusual sweating, weakness on one side of the body, vision problems/changes (such as double vision, partial/complete blindness).

    A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

    This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

    In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

    In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

    How long does it take for this medicine to take effect?

    The onset of action of Vyfemla, a combination hormonal contraceptive, typically occurs within the first cycle of use. However, individual response may vary, and it may take up to 7 days of continuous use for full contraceptive efficacy to be established.

    How long do the effects of this medicine last?

    The effects of Vyfemla last for as long as the medication is taken consistently according to the prescribed regimen. As a contraceptive, its effects are reversible upon discontinuation, allowing for a return to fertility within a few menstrual cycles.

    Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking this medicine?

    While specific interactions between alcohol and Vyfemla have not been extensively studied, moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to significantly affect the pharmacological action of the medication. However, excessive alcohol intake may lead to adverse effects such as dizziness and nausea.

    Is this a habit forming medicine?

    Vyfemla is not considered a habit-forming medication. It is intended for long-term contraceptive use and does not possess addictive properties.

    Can this medicine be taken during pregnancy?

    Vyfemla is contraindicated for use during pregnancy. It is specifically indicated for preventing pregnancy and should not be initiated in women who are already pregnant. If pregnancy occurs while taking Vyfemla, the medication should be discontinued immediately.

    Can this medicine be taken while breast-feeding?

    Vyfemla is not recommended for use while breastfeeding. The hormones present in Vyfemla, particularly estrogen, can pass into breast milk and may affect the infant. Women who are breastfeeding should consult with their healthcare provider to discuss alternative contraceptive options that are compatible with breastfeeding.

    Uses

    This combination hormone medication is used to prevent pregnancy. It contains 2 hormones: a progestin and an estrogen.Besides preventing pregnancy, birth control pills may make your periods more regular, decrease blood loss and painful periods, decrease your risk of ovarian cysts, and also treat acne.Using this medication does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia).

    How to use Vyfemla

    Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill. The leaflet contains very important information on when to take your pills and what to do if you miss a dose. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

    Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. Pick a time of day that is easy for you to remember, and take your pill at the same time each day.

    If you are taking the chewable tablet, you may either swallow it whole or chew it thoroughly and swallow. Carefully follow the manufacturer's directions for your brand.

    It is very important to continue taking this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. With certain brands of birth control pills, the amount of estrogen and progestin in each active tablet will vary at different times in the cycle. It is very important that you follow the package instructions to find the first tablet, start with the first tablet in the pack, and take them in the correct order. Do not skip any doses. Pregnancy is more likely if you miss pills, start a new pack late, or take your pill at a different time of the day than usual.

    Vomiting or diarrhea can prevent your birth control pills from working well. If you have vomiting or diarrhea, you may need to use a back-up birth control method (such as condoms, spermicide). Follow the directions in the Patient Information Leaflet and check with your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

    Taking this medication after your evening meal or at bedtime may help if you have stomach upset or nausea with the medication. You may choose to take this medication at another time of day that is easier for you to remember. No matter what dosing schedule you use, it is very important that you take this medication at the same time each day, 24 hours apart. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

    Your pill pack contains 21 pills with active medication. It may also contain 7 reminder pills with no medication. Take one active pill (with hormones) once daily for 21 days in a row. If you are using a product with 28 tablets, take an inactive pill once daily for 7 days in a row after you have taken the last active pill unless otherwise directed by your doctor. If you are using a product with 21 tablets, do not take any tablets for 7 days unless otherwise directed by your doctor. You should have your period during the fourth week of the cycle. After you have taken the last inactive tablet in the pack or gone 7 days without taking an active tablet, start a new pack the next day whether or not you have your period. If you do not get your period, consult your doctor.

    If this is the first time you are using this medication and you are not switching from another form of hormonal birth control (such as patch, other birth control pills), take the first tablet in the pack on the first Sunday following the beginning of your menstrual period or on the first day of your period. If your period begins on a Sunday, begin taking this medication on that day. For the first cycle of use only, use an additional form of non-hormonal birth control (such as condoms, spermicide) for the first 7 days to prevent pregnancy until the medication has enough time to work. If you start on the first day of your period, you do not need to use back-up birth control the first week.

    Ask your doctor or pharmacist about how to switch from other forms of hormonal birth control (such as patch, other birth control pills) to this product. If any information is unclear, consult the Patient Information Leaflet or your doctor or pharmacist.

    Warnings

    Do not use this medication if you smoke cigarettes/use tobacco and are over 35 years old. Smoking raises your risk of stroke, heart attack, blood clots, and high blood pressure from hormonal birth control (such as the pill, patch, ring). The risk of these serious problems increases with age and with the number of cigarettes you smoke. Do not smoke or use tobacco.

    Interactions

    Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

    Some products that may interact with this drug include: aromatase inhibitors (such as anastrozole, exemestane), fezolinetant, ospemifene, tamoxifen, tizanidine, tranexamic acid, certain combination products used to treat chronic hepatitis C (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or without dasabuvir).

    Some drugs may cause hormonal birth control to work less well by decreasing the amount of birth control hormones in your body. This effect can result in pregnancy. Examples include griseofulvin, modafinil, rifamycins (such as rifampin, rifabutin), ritonavir, St. John's wort, drugs used to treat seizures (such as barbiturates, carbamazepine, felbamate, phenytoin, primidone, topiramate), HIV drugs (such as nelfinavir, nevirapine), among others.

    Tell your doctor when you start any new drug, and discuss if you should use additional reliable birth control. Also tell your doctor if you have any new spotting or breakthrough bleeding, because these may be signs that your birth control is not working well.

    This medication may interfere with certain lab tests (such as blood clotting factors, thyroid), possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

    Precautions

    Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to any estrogens (such as ethinyl estradiol, mestranol) or any progestins (such as norethindrone, desogestrel); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

    Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: blood clots (for example, in the legs, eyes, lungs), blood clotting disorders (such as protein C or protein S deficiency), high blood pressure, abnormal breast exam, cancer (especially endometrial or breast cancer), high cholesterol or triglyceride (blood fat) levels, depression, diabetes, family or personal history of a certain swelling disorder (angioedema), gallbladder problems, severe headaches/migraines, heart problems (such as heart valve disease, irregular heartbeat, previous heart attack), history of yellowing eyes/skin (jaundice) during pregnancy or while using hormonal birth control (such as pills, patch), kidney disease, liver disease (including tumors), obesity, stroke, swelling (edema), thyroid problems, unexplained vaginal bleeding.

    If you have diabetes, this medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Tell your doctor right away if you have symptoms of high blood sugar such as increased thirst/urination. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.

    Chewable tablets may contain sugar and/or aspartame. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet.

    Tell your doctor if you just had or will be having surgery or if you will be confined to a bed or chair for a long time (such as a long plane flight). These conditions increase your risk of getting blood clots, especially if you are using hormonal birth control. You may need to stop this medication for a time or take special precautions.

    Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

    This medication may cause blotchy, dark areas on your face and skin (melasma). Sunlight may worsen this effect. Limit your time in the sun. Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.

    If you are nearsighted or wear contact lenses, you may develop vision problems or trouble wearing your contact lenses. Contact your eye doctor if these problems occur.

    It may take longer for you to become pregnant after you stop taking birth control pills. Consult your doctor.

    This medication should not be used during pregnancy. If you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your doctor right away. If you have just given birth or had a pregnancy loss/abortion after the first 3 months, talk with your doctor about reliable forms of birth control, and find out when it is safe to start using birth control that contains a form of estrogen, such as this medication.

    This medication may decrease breast milk production. A small amount passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

    Overdose

    If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea and vomiting, sudden/unusual vaginal bleeding.

    Do not share this medication with others.

    Regular complete physical exams which include lab and/or medical tests (such as blood pressure, breast exam, pelvic exam, Pap smear) should be done while you are taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions for examining your breasts, and report any lumps right away. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

    Refer to the product package information for advice on missed doses. You may need to use back-up birth control (such as condoms, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

    If you often forget to take your pills as directed, contact your doctor to discuss switching to another form of birth control.

    Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

    Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

    General information

    Erectile dysfunction is a pathology which characterising premature ejaculation, as well as a short erection or its absence. This disease is the result of many reasons, for example, the negative influence of hormonal drugs, bad habits, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, stress, fatigue, lack of sleep and others. (more…)

    Side Effects

    This vitamin may cause your urine to turn bright yellow. This effect is harmless and will disappear when the vitamin is stopped.

    If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

    A very serious allergic reaction to this vitamin is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

    This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

    In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

    In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

    How long does it take for this medicine to take effect?

    Vitamin B-2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is absorbed in the small intestine. After ingestion, it is rapidly absorbed and enters the bloodstream. The effects of vitamin B-2 are not immediate and depend on various factors such as dosage, individual metabolism, and dietary intake. However, it is involved in numerous metabolic processes in the body, contributing to energy production and the maintenance of overall health.

    How long do the effects of this medicine last?

    Vitamin B-2 is not stored in the body to a significant extent, and any excess is excreted through urine. Therefore, the effects of vitamin B-2 are relatively short-lived, and regular intake is necessary to maintain optimal levels in the body. The duration of its effects is primarily determined by the frequency and dosage of supplementation.

    Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking this medicine?

    There is no direct contraindication to consuming alcohol while taking vitamin B-2 supplements. However, excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the absorption and utilization of various vitamins, including riboflavin. Chronic alcoholism may lead to deficiencies in multiple nutrients, including B vitamins. Therefore, it is advisable to consume alcohol in moderation and maintain a balanced diet to ensure adequate intake of vitamin B-2 and other essential nutrients.

    Is this a habit forming medicine?

    Vitamin B-2 is not a habit-forming substance. It is classified as a water-soluble vitamin, meaning that any excess intake is excreted in the urine rather than stored in the body. Habit formation typically applies to substances that have addictive properties or produce dependence, which is not the case with vitamin B-2.

    Can this medicine be taken during pregnancy?

    Vitamin B-2 supplementation is generally considered safe during pregnancy. Adequate intake of riboflavin is important for maternal health and fetal development. Pregnant individuals may require higher doses of vitamin B-2 to meet increased metabolic demands. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before initiating any supplementation regimen during pregnancy.

    Can this medicine be taken while breast-feeding?

    Vitamin B-2 is safe for use while breastfeeding. Adequate intake of riboflavin is necessary for lactating individuals to support milk production and ensure the nutritional quality of breast milk. However, it is important to follow recommended dosage guidelines and consult with a healthcare provider if there are any concerns about vitamin supplementation while breastfeeding.

    Uses

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin B2 in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diet. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin B2. However, some conditions (such as stomach/intestinal problems, prolonged infection, liver disease, alcoholism, cancer) can cause low levels of vitamin B2. Vitamin B2 plays an important role in the body. It is needed to keep your skin, eyes, nerves, and red blood cells healthy.

    How to use Vitamin B-2

    Take this vitamin by mouth. Read and follow all directions on the product package before taking this vitamin. If you have any questions, ask your pharmacist. If your doctor has prescribed this vitamin, take it as directed.

    The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Take this vitamin regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

    If your condition lasts or gets worse, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

    Precautions

    Before taking riboflavin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

    Before using this vitamin, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.

    Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

    Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this vitamin. Riboflavin is safe to take during pregnancy when used as directed at recommended doses.

    Riboflavin passes into breast milk and is considered to be safe during breast-feeding when used as directed at recommended doses. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

    Overdose

    If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

    Keep all regular medical and lab appointments.

    This product is not a substitute for a proper diet. It is best to get your vitamins from healthy foods. Riboflavin can be found in milk, bread, fortified cereals, meat, green vegetables, and other foods. Consult your doctor, pharmacist, or nutritionist for more details.

    If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

    Check the product package for instructions on how to store this vitamin, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

    Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

    Interactions

    Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

    This vitamin may interfere with certain lab tests, possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this vitamin.

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    General information

    Azithromycin or Zithromax is a fairly effective third-generation antibiotic and has a complex multi-level formula. This medication has minimal resistance to different types of pathogenic bacteria, and it helps in most inflammatory diseases. (more…)

    Description

    Tadacip, a widely recognized medication, is utilized for the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Comprising the active ingredient tadalafil, a member of the PDE5 inhibitors class, Tadacip augments penile blood flow, thereby aiding men with ED in achieving and sustaining an erection conducive to sexual activity. Tadacip is a generic equivalent to the well-established ED drug Cialis, originally produced by Eli Lilly. It is characterized by its extended duration of action, with the effects of a single dose persisting up to 36 hours, offering a flexible window for sexual activities.

    Tadacip's profile in the therapeutic milieu is marked by its sustained efficacy and affordability, positioning it as a significant and accessible treatment alternative for men with erectile dysfunction.

    General Instructions

    Tadacip, produced by Cipla, mirrors the efficacy of Cialis, a renowned ED drug by Eli Lilly, offering a generic solution with 20 mg of tadalafil per tablet. Each Tadacip tablet contains 20mg of tadalafil. The effects of a single dose can last up to 36 hours, giving men the ability to engage in sexual activity at any point during that time frame.

    Onset of action is typically within 30-60 minutes after oral ingestion and peak blood levels are reached at around 2 hours. Food intake does not affect absorption or efficacy. As a generic medication, Tadacip provides the same therapeutic benefits as the brand name counterpart Cialis but at a more affordable price point.

    Side Effects

    Common side effects of Tadacip include headache, indigestion, back pain, muscle aches, flushing, and stuffy or runny nose. These symptoms usually disappear after a few hours.

    Rare but serious adverse reactions that warrant immediate medical care include vision loss, hearing impairment, chest pain and priapism – a prolonged, painful erection lasting over 4 hours. Patients who experience an erection lasting more than 4 hours should seek immediate medical assistance.

    Uses

    Tadacip is used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (enlarged prostate).

    Primarily, Tadacip is used in treating erectile dysfunction. Its efficacy lies in enhancing penile blood flow, a critical factor in achieving and maintaining an erection. Additionally, its prolonged effect duration is particularly advantageous for patients seeking more spontaneity in sexual activities.

    Beyond its primary use in ED, Tadacip's vasodilatory properties suggest potential utility in other circulatory disorders, subject to further research and clinical trials.

    Concerns

    Patients should discuss their medical history and current medications with their doctor to assess suitability. Tadacip may interact with other medications, particularly nitrates used in heart disease, leading to a dangerous drop in blood pressure.

    Precaution is paramount in individuals with pre-existing conditions such as liver or kidney impairments.

    Prior to initiating Tadacip, a comprehensive medical evaluation is crucial, especially for patients with pre-existing conditions like liver or kidney disorders. Dose adjustments may be necessary in such cases.

    What is Tadacip?

    Tadacip is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It contains tadalafil, which is also the active ingredient in Cialis. Tadacip helps men achieve and maintain an erection suitable for sexual activity.

    How does Tadacip work?

    Tadacip works by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) enzyme, which leads to increased blood flow to the penis and helps achieve and maintain an erection during sexual stimulation.

    What is the recommended dosage of Tadacip?

    The recommended starting dose of Tadacip is 10 mg taken before anticipated sexual activity. Depending on effectiveness and tolerability, the dosage may be increased to 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg.

    What are the side effects of Tadacip?

    Common side effects of Tadacip include headaches, flushing, upset stomach, nasal congestion, muscle pain, and dizziness. In rare cases, it can cause more serious effects like changes in vision, sudden hearing loss, and priapism.

    Can Tadacip be taken with alcohol?

    Alcohol should be used with caution while taking Tadacip, as it may increase the risk of side effects like dizziness, headache, or lowered blood pressure.

    Is Tadacip safe for everyone?

    Tadacip may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with certain medical conditions like heart disease or using medications containing nitrates. Consult a healthcare provider before using Tadacip.

    How long does the effect of Tadacip last?

    The effects of Tadacip can last for up to 36 hours, providing a longer window of opportunity for sexual activity compared to some other ED medications.

    Does Tadacip require a prescription?

    Yes, Tadacip is a prescription medication. A consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary to determine if it is safe and appropriate for you.

    Can Tadacip be used to treat conditions other than ED?

    Tadacip is primarily used for ED, but tadalafil, its active ingredient, is also used to treat other conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

    Can Tadacip be taken with food?

    Yes, Tadacip can be taken with or without food. However, taking it after a large or high-fat meal may delay the onset of its effects.

    When Not to Use

    Tadacip is contraindicated for use in conjunction with nitrate medications due to a significant risk of inducing severe hypotension. Additionally, it is not recommended for patients who have recently experienced cardiovascular events, those with acute hepatic or renal dysfunction, or individuals on alpha-blockers for hypertension. Tadacip should also be avoided by anyone with a known hypersensitivity to Tadalafil, as well as patients with severe cardiovascular conditions where sexual activity is deemed inadvisable.

    Warnings

    There is a potential for significant adverse effects when Tadacip interacts with medications such as alpha-blockers and inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme (e.g., erythromycin, ketoconazole). Therefore, a comprehensive medication history should be provided to the healthcare provider to assess potential drug interactions. Additionally, caution is advised regarding alcohol consumption while taking Tadacip, as it may exacerbate side effects.

    Dosage

    The standard recommended dose of Tadacip is 20 mg, subject to adjustment based on individual response and tolerability. The doses should be spaced at least 24 hours apart to prevent overdose. The initial dose often prescribed is 10 mg, taken 15-20 minutes before sexual activity, with the possibility of adjusting to 5 mg or increasing to 20 mg depending on efficacy and tolerance. The maximum recommended dosage is 20 mg within a 24-hour period.

    Interactions

    Tadacip may exhibit interactions with a range of pharmacological agents, including anticoagulants, antibiotics, antifungals, and other PDE5 inhibitors. Alcohol consumption should be moderated, as it can intensify side effects such as dizziness and increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Tadacip also has potential interactions with nitrates, certain blood pressure medications, and specific antifungal and antiviral drugs. Notably, grapefruit can elevate plasma levels of Tadacip, potentially leading to enhanced side effects.

    Other Details

    To ensure the safe and effective utilization of Tadacip for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, it is imperative to adhere strictly to medical guidelines. This includes meticulously following prescribed dosage instructions and vigilantly monitoring for any adverse reactions. In the event of any concerning symptoms, immediate consultation with a healthcare professional is advised. This cautious approach maximizes therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential risks associated with the medication.

    Tadacip tablets are available in 10 mg and 20 mg dosages and should be consumed whole with water. It is imperative not to exceed more than one tablet within a 24-hour period. Overdosing may result in serious health complications, including stroke, myocardial infarction, or arrhythmias. While Tadacip 20 mg is available for purchase online, it is crucial to ensure that these transactions are made through reputable sources to guarantee the authenticity and safety of the medication.

    References

    • Lorberboym, M., Makhline, E., & Lampl, Y. (2014). Regional cerebral blood flow following single‐dose and continuous‐dose tadalafil after stroke. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 130, 380-386. Link
    • Baek, J.-S., Pham, C. V., Myung, C., & Cho, C. (2015). Tadalafil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using permeation enhancers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 495 2, 701-9. Link
    • Tadacip (Tadalafil): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects Information. Drugs.com. Link
    • Tadalafil (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names. Mayo Clinic. Link
    • Erectile Dysfunction Treatment and Causes. NHS Choices. Link
    • Tadalafil for erectile dysfunction. WebMD. Link
    • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE5) and Erectile Dysfunction. MedlinePlus. Link
    • Guo, Y. L., Zhu, J. C., Pan, T.-m., Ding, Q., Wang, Y. X., Cheong, N., Lim, E., Shen, W., Venugopalan, M., & Chan, M. (2006). Efficacy and safety of on‐demand tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in South‐East Asian men. International Journal of Urology, 13.
    • Ko, I., Shin, M.-S., Kim, B.-K., Kim, S.-E., Sung, Y.-H., Kim, T., Shin, M., Cho, H., Kim, S., Kim, S.-H., Kim, K., Shin, D., & Kim, C.-J. (2009). Tadalafil improves short-term memory by suppressing ischemia-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neuronal cells in gerbils. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 91, 629-635. Link
    • Kloner, R., Mitchell, M., & Emmick, J. (2003). Cardiovascular effects of tadalafil in patients on common antihypertensive therapies. The American Journal of Cardiology, 92 9A, 47M-57M.
    • Klinger, J. (2011). Tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 5, 315-328.