Liver cancer is a relatively common form of oncology, ranking fifth among the most prevalent malignant tumors in men and eighth in women. This malignant disease is characterized by the replacement of healthy liver cells with tumor cells, and it is prone to rapid progression and the spread of metastases.
While the exact cause of liver cancer remains elusive, scientists have identified several contributing factors:
- Inherited predisposition
- Chronic hepatitis, which may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma if left untreated
- Gallstone disease
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Alcohol and tobacco abuse, particularly in the presence of existing cirrhosis
- Hemochromatosis (iron accumulation)
- Syphilis
- Pancreatic diabetes
- Use of anabolic steroids during workouts
- Exposure to harmful chemicals
- Parasitic invasion
- Use of oral contraceptives containing female sex hormones (estrogen)
Additional risk factors for liver cancer include male sex and long-term use of anabolic steroids. Interestingly, some studies suggest that coffee consumption may offer protection against liver cancer.
Liver cancer can be categorized into two main groups based on their origin: primary and secondary. Secondary liver cancer, resulting from metastases of other organ cancers, is more common. In these cases, the cells growing in the liver correspond to the primary cancer site.
Diagnosing liver cancer involves a thorough examination by a competent oncologist, who will inspect the patient’s body, veins in the abdomen, and any yellowing of the skin and sclera. Palpation is also necessary to detect an enlarged organ or tumor node. Biochemical blood tests may reveal increased bilirubin and urobilin levels, while ultrasound investigations can determine the tumor’s location and size.
The primary treatment option for liver cancer is surgical intervention. Resection, or the removal of the pathological part of the liver, is possible during the early stages of the disease. Since a significant portion of the liver remains unaffected and functional, it can repair itself over time. In cases where surgery is not feasible, chemotherapy may be prescribed to help manage the disease.
Liver cancer is a rapidly progressing disease, and without timely diagnosis and treatment, a patient may succumb within 3-4 months of tumor onset. However, with early detection and appropriate treatment, a patient’s life expectancy can reach up to 5 years.
In conclusion, understanding the causes, risk factors, and treatment options for liver cancer is crucial for early detection and effective management. As always, consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.
