Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infections, that leads to pain and swelling in the testicle area.

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Chlamydia and gonorrhea are common bacterial infections that can cause epididymitis in sexually active men.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): A bacterial infection in the urinary tract can spread to the epididymis, leading to inflammation.
• Injury or Trauma: Physical injury to the groin area can trigger epididymitis.
• Prostate Enlargement: An enlarged prostate can block the flow of urine, increasing the risk of infection and subsequent epididymitis.
• Use of Catheters: Long-term catheter use or surgical procedures involving the bladder can introduce bacteria that cause epididymitis.

• Sexually Active Men: Men who are sexually active, particularly those who do not consistently use protection, are more prone to epididymitis caused by STIs.
• Men Over Age 35: As men age, conditions like prostate enlargement become more common, raising the risk of infections that can lead to epididymitis.
• Individuals with Frequent UTIs: Men who experience recurrent urinary tract infections are at greater risk for developing epididymitis.
• People with Catheters: Those who use catheters or have had recent bladder surgery may have a higher likelihood of developing the condition due to bacteria entering the urinary tract.

• Pain and Swelling in the Testicles: The pain typically starts in one testicle and may spread to the groin or lower abdomen. Swelling is also common.
• Tenderness: The affected area may become sensitive to touch, and even slight pressure can cause discomfort.
• Fever and Chills: A mild fever, along with chills, may occur as the body responds to the infection.
• Painful Urination: Some men experience pain or burning during urination due to the underlying infection.
• Discharge from the Penis: In cases where epididymitis is caused by an STI, there may be a noticeable discharge from the penis.
• Frequent Urination: Increased urgency or frequency of urination is another symptom linked to the infection.

• Severe Pain in the Testicle: If the pain becomes extreme or sudden, it may be a sign of a more serious condition, such as testicular torsion, which requires emergency treatment.
• High Fever: A fever above 101°F (38.3°C) could indicate that the infection is spreading and should be addressed urgently.
• Blood in Urine or Semen: Blood in urine or semen could suggest a more serious infection and should be reported to a healthcare provider right away.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms, especially when combined with intense testicular pain, may signal an emergency condition.

• Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the testicles and scrotum for signs of swelling, tenderness, and inflammation. They may also ask about recent sexual activity or urinary symptoms.
• Urine Test: A urine sample may be taken to check for bacteria or signs of infection in the urinary tract.
• STD Testing: If an STI is suspected, testing for infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea may be done using a urine sample or swab from the urethra.
• Ultrasound: In cases where the diagnosis is unclear or testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle) is suspected, an ultrasound may be used to examine blood flow to the testicles and rule out other conditions.

• Antibiotics: If epididymitis is caused by a bacterial infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, antibiotics like doxycycline or ciprofloxacin are commonly prescribed. Treatment usually lasts 1-2 weeks, and it is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce pain and swelling.
• Rest and Elevation: Resting and elevating the scrotum can alleviate discomfort and reduce swelling. Applying an ice pack intermittently can also provide relief.
• Avoiding Strenuous Activity: Refraining from heavy lifting, vigorous exercise, or sexual activity during the recovery period can prevent further irritation of the epididymis.

• Seek Medical Attention: If you notice symptoms such as testicular pain, swelling, or painful urination, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and testing.
• Follow Treatment Plan: Take all prescribed antibiotics as directed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
• Monitor Symptoms: If symptoms worsen or new symptoms like fever, severe pain, or nausea develop, seek immediate medical care.

• Practice Safe Sex: Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia and gonorrhea, which are common causes of epididymitis.
• Regular STI Testing: If you are sexually active, especially with multiple partners, regular testing for STIs can help catch and treat infections early, preventing complications like epididymitis.
• Prevent UTIs: Stay hydrated and practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections, which can spread and cause epididymitis.
• Avoid Strain on the Groin Area: Taking precautions to avoid injuries to the groin, especially during sports or physical activity, can help prevent inflammation of the epididymis.

• Proper Catheter Use: For individuals who require the use of urinary catheters, following proper hygiene and care instructions can help prevent bacterial infections that may lead to epididymitis.
• Address Prostate Health: Men with an enlarged prostate should work with their healthcare provider to manage the condition, as it can increase the risk of urinary infections that may lead to epididymitis.