Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) | Pathophysiology, Triggers, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
What is Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)?
What causes Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
How is Hidradenitis Suppurativa diagnosed?
What are the treatment options for Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Can diet affect Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Is Hidradenitis Suppurativa contagious?
Are there any lifestyle changes that can help with Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
The primary symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa include tender red bumps, pus-filled pockets, tunnel-like tracts, scarring, and sometimes pain, itching, and a foul odor. The exact cause of the disease is unknown, but factors like genetics, hormonal changes, and immune system dysfunction are believed to play a role.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic condition with no known cure. Treatment options focus on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. The treatment plan may include medications, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and surgical interventions like drainage of abscesses or removal of affected skin.
Living with hidradenitis suppurativa can be challenging, both physically and mentally. Seeking support from healthcare professionals, joining support groups, and adopting self-care practices like maintaining good hygiene, avoiding potential triggers, and using proper wound care techniques can help individuals manage the symptoms and cope with the disease.
Diagnosis methods:
1. Physical Examination:
A healthcare professional will begin by visually inspecting the affected areas. They will examine the skin for the presence of abscesses, nodules, or scars. The doctor may use a magnifying lens or dermatoscope to get a closer look at the lesions. They may also inquire about the duration, severity, and recurrence pattern of the symptoms.
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2. Medical History:
The doctor will ask about the patient’s medical history and any previous diagnoses or treatments. They will also inquire about family members who may have had similar symptoms. Gathering information about other possible contributing factors such as hormonal imbalances, smoking, obesity, or other related conditions can help in the diagnosis.
3. Hurley Staging System:
The Hurley staging system is commonly used to assess the severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa. The stages help categorize the disease as follows:
– Stage I: Single or multiple abscesses without sinus tracts or scarring.
– Stage II: Recurrent abscesses with sinus tracts and scarring.
– Stage III: Diffuse or interconnected abscesses with multiple sinus tracts, extensive scarring, and multiple scars in at least two different areas.
4. Imaging Tests:
In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered to get a clearer picture of the affected areas. These tests can help identify tunnels, abscesses, or inflammation deep within the tissue.
5. Biopsy:
If the diagnosis is uncertain or there is an atypical presentation, a biopsy may be performed. A small sample of the affected skin will be taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of hidradenitis suppurativa and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
Please note that this description is for demonstration purposes only. It is important to consult a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
