Hypermobility syndrome is when the joints are overly flexible and move more than they should, often causing pain and instability.

• Genetic factors: Certain inherited traits, such as differences in collagen production, can make connective tissues more elastic and joints more flexible.
• Weak muscle support: If the muscles around the joints are weak, they may not provide enough support, leading to excessive joint movement.
• Hormonal changes: Some hormones, such as those during pregnancy, can temporarily loosen joints, making hypermobility worse.

• Individuals with a family history of hypermobility: It’s more common in people who have a genetic predisposition for overly flexible joints.
• Children and young adults: Younger individuals, especially those with naturally flexible joints, are more likely to experience hypermobility syndrome.
• Women: Women tend to be more affected due to hormonal influences on joint flexibility.
• Athletes and dancers: Those who regularly stretch and move their joints in extreme positions may develop hypermobility syndrome over time.

• Joint pain: Pain is often the most noticeable symptom, especially after physical activity or prolonged use of the affected joints.
• Frequent joint dislocations or subluxations: Joints may move out of place more easily due to the looseness of the connective tissues.
• Joint instability: Affected joints may feel weak or unstable, leading to an increased risk of injury.
• Muscle aches and fatigue: Overworked muscles may become sore or fatigued as they compensate for the unstable joints.
• Clicking or popping sounds: Joints may produce noises, such as clicking or popping, due to the extra movement within the joint.

• Severe joint pain or swelling: Sudden and intense pain, especially with swelling, may indicate joint damage or injury.
• Frequent joint dislocations: If joints frequently pop out of place, it’s important to seek medical advice to prevent long-term damage.
• Difficulty moving or walking: If joint instability leads to difficulty performing daily activities or walking, it may indicate more severe issues that need to be addressed.

• Beighton score: A common tool used to assess joint hypermobility. The Beighton score rates the flexibility of certain joints, such as the knees, elbows, and fingers, to determine the level of hypermobility.
• Physical examination: A doctor will examine the range of motion in your joints and check for any signs of instability, pain, or swelling.
• Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, family history of hypermobility, and any issues you’ve experienced, like frequent joint dislocations or injuries.

• Physical therapy: Strengthening exercises for muscles around the joints can help improve stability and reduce pain.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage joint discomfort.
• Bracing or taping: In some cases, braces or tape can be used to support joints and prevent dislocations or injuries during physical activity.
• Lifestyle modifications: Reducing high-impact activities, practicing good posture, and incorporating joint-friendly exercises like swimming or yoga can help manage symptoms.

• Severe or persistent joint pain: Ongoing pain that doesn’t improve should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
• Frequent joint dislocations or instability: Regular joint dislocations or feelings of instability need medical attention to prevent further damage.
• Difficulty performing daily activities: If joint problems make it hard to carry out everyday tasks, it’s important to seek help for proper management.

• Strengthen muscles around joints: Regular strength training exercises can help stabilize the joints and prevent excessive movement.
• Practice good posture: Maintaining proper posture reduces unnecessary strain on the joints, especially in the spine and lower body.
• Engage in low-impact activities: Exercises like swimming, cycling, and yoga are gentler on the joints while still improving flexibility and strength.
• Avoid high-impact sports: Activities like running, jumping, or contact sports can increase the risk of joint injuries for people with hypermobility.
• Stretch with caution: While flexibility exercises are important, overstretching or forcing joints into extreme positions should be avoided to prevent injury.

• Wearing supportive footwear: Proper shoes can improve alignment and reduce strain on the lower body joints.
• Use of joint braces: For those with severe hypermobility, wearing braces during physical activities can help support unstable joints and prevent dislocations.
• Regular check-ups with a physical therapist: Working with a physical therapist can help tailor exercises and activities that strengthen muscles while protecting the joints from excessive movement.