Infectious mononucleosis (complicated cases): Basic Disease Information

Infectious mononucleosis – Easy explained

What are the common symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

Symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and fatigue. Complications can involve the liver and spleen.

How is infectious mononucleosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and blood tests, including a monospot test, to detect antibodies.

What causes infectious mononucleosis, and how is it transmitted?

It’s caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is spread primarily through saliva, hence the nickname “kissing disease.”

What are the risks of spleen enlargement in mononucleosis?

Spleen enlargement is a complication and can lead to spleen rupture, which is a medical emergency.

Can infectious mononucleosis lead to hepatitis or liver complications?

Yes, EBV can cause liver inflammation (hepatitis) and abnormal liver function tests.

Is there a specific treatment for infectious mononucleosis?

There’s no specific antiviral treatment. Management includes rest, hydration, and pain relief medications.

How long is the recovery period for infectious mononucleosis?

Recovery time varies; symptoms can last for weeks to months, with fatigue lingering longer in some cases.

Individuals with complicated cases of infectious mononucleosis may experience prolonged fatigue, high fever, enlarged spleen, severe sore throat, swollen tonsils, skin rash, abdominal pain, and jaundice. These symptoms can be more severe and prolonged compared to typical cases of mono.

The diagnosis of complicated infectious mononucleosis involves a physical examination, medical history assessment, and laboratory tests such as blood tests and throat cultures to identify the Epstein-Barr virus. Treatment usually involves adequate rest, fluid intake, pain relief medications, and in some cases, antiviral medications.

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It is crucial to seek medical attention if you suspect you have complicated infectious mononucleosis to receive appropriate care and minimize the risk of complications.