What is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction? (What Causes Dry Eyes)

In individuals with MGD, the meibomian glands become blocked or dysfunctional, leading to a decreased production of quality meibum. This causes a disruption in the tear film and leads to dry eyes, discomfort, and vision problems.

Common symptoms of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction include dryness, itching, redness, increased sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a gritty or foreign body sensation in the eyes. In severe cases, MGD can even cause eyelid inflammation and the formation of styes or chalazia.

Treatment options for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction focus on improving the function of the meibomian glands and relieving symptoms. This may include warm compresses, lid hygiene routines, artificial tears, oral medications, and in some cases, specialized procedures to unclog the glands or improve oil flow.

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It is important for individuals with MGD to seek medical attention from an eye care professional to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Managing and controlling Meibomian Gland Dysfunction can help improve the overall health and comfort of the eyes.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction:

• Abnormal oil secretion from the meibomian glands
• Dry, gritty, or burning sensation in the eyes
• Redness and swelling of the eyelids
• Excessive tearing or watery eyes
• Eyelid margin inflammation
• Frequent styes or chalazia (eyelid bumps)
• Contact lens discomfort
• Blurry or fluctuating vision
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Eyelash abnormalities

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Causes of the Disease:

• Blocked or clogged meibomian glands
• Thickening of meibum (oil secreted by meibomian glands)
• Decreased quality or quantity of meibum
• Meibomian gland atrophy or loss
• Bacterial or Demodex infestation of meibomian glands
• Hormonal changes
• Aging
• Chronic blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids)
• Environmental factors (e.g., dry or windy conditions)
• Systemic conditions (e.g., rosacea, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes)
• Medication side effects
• Allergic reactions
• Genetic predisposition

Diagnosing Meibomian Gland Dysfunction:

Diagnosis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction typically involves a thorough examination of the eyes and eyelids by an eye care professional. The following methods are commonly used:

1. Patient History and Symptoms: The eye care professional will inquire about the patient’s symptoms, onset, duration, and severity. A detailed history can provide valuable insights into the condition.
2.  External Examination: The eye care professional will visually inspect the eyelids, looking for signs of inflammation, redness, or swelling. They may also observe the quality and quantity of the meibum (oily secretion) from the meibomian gland orifices.
3.  Expressibility Test: This test involves the application of gentle pressure on the eyelids to express the meibum from the meibomian glands. A decreased or absent flow of meibum may indicate blockages or dysfunction in the glands.
4.  Meibography: In some cases, an imaging technique called meibography may be used to visualize the structure and condition of the meibomian glands. It can help identify any gland atrophy or loss.
5.  Tear Film Evaluation: An assessment of the quality and stability of the tear film may be performed. This can involve tests such as tear breakup time or evaluation of tear osmolarity.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction may vary depending on the expertise of the eye care professional and the specific clinical findings.

Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.