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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

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  • Dr. Arthur L Burnett
  • Updated 2024-08-22
  • Published 2024-03-06

What is NTM Lung Disease?

What are Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections?

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are caused by a group of bacteria found in soil and water, which can cause pulmonary diseases resembling tuberculosis, lymphadenitis, skin diseases, and disseminated diseases.

How do people get infected with NTM?

People get infected with NTM by inhaling or ingesting the bacteria from the environment, especially from water sources. It is not believed to be transmitted from person to person.

What are the symptoms of NTM infections?

Symptoms of NTM infections vary depending on the affected area but can include chronic cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats, particularly in lung infections.

How are NTM infections diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans, and microbiological tests, such as sputum culture or biopsies, to detect the presence of NTM bacteria.

What is the treatment for NTM infections?

Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics for an extended period, often lasting more than 12 months. The specific regimen depends on the NTM species and the severity of the disease.

Are certain people more at risk for NTM infections?

Individuals with underlying lung diseases, like COPD or bronchiectasis, those with weakened immune systems, and older adults are more susceptible to NTM infections.

Can NTM infections be prevented?

Prevention strategies include avoiding exposure to dust and aerosols, using water filters, and taking precautions in environments where NTM bacteria are common. People with pre-existing lung conditions or weakened immune systems should be particularly cautious.

The mycobacteria that cause NTM infections are commonly found in water and soil environments, and they can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or through open wounds. Individuals with weakened immune systems, chronic lung diseases, or underlying health conditions are at a higher risk of developing NTM infections.

Common symptoms of NTM infections include persistent cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and fever. However, the symptoms can vary depending on the specific mycobacteria involved and the affected body part.

Diagnosing NTM infections can be challenging as the symptoms can mimic other respiratory diseases, and the bacteria can be difficult to detect and identify. Various tests such as sputum culture, bronchoscopy, and tissue biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of NTM bacteria.

Treatment for NTM infections typically involves a combination of antibiotics specific to the mycobacteria causing the infection. The duration of treatment can be lengthy, often lasting for several months or even years. Proper management of the infection requires close monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals.

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Preventive measures to reduce the risk of NTM infections include avoiding exposure to contaminated water sources, maintaining good hygiene, and following safety guidelines while handling soil or potentially contaminated materials.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections:

  • Allergic reactions to mycobacteria
  • Immunodeficiency, especially in individuals with HIV/AIDS
  • Exposure to environmental sources such as contaminated soil or water
  • Underlying lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis
  • Invasive medical procedures, such as surgery or catheter insertion

Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Symptoms

  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Night sweats
  • Chest pain
  • Persistent respiratory infections
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Joint pain and swelling

Please note that these are just general symptoms and may vary depending on the specific subtype of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. It is always important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

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