Reactive Arthritis is a joint condition that occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body, causing swelling, pain, and stiffness in the joints.

• Gastrointestinal infections: Bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter from contaminated food or water can trigger the condition.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common STIs that can cause Reactive Arthritis.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Some bacterial infections of the urinary tract can lead to Reactive Arthritis.

• Age: Reactive Arthritis most commonly affects people between the ages of 20 and 40.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop Reactive Arthritis, especially after a sexually transmitted infection.
• Genetic predisposition: People with a specific genetic marker known as HLA-B27 are more likely to develop the condition.
• Infection history: Individuals who have had gastrointestinal infections or sexually transmitted infections are at higher risk.

• Joint pain and swelling: Especially in the knees, ankles, and feet. The pain may affect one or several joints and can cause stiffness.
• Lower back pain: Some people may experience pain in the lower back or buttocks, which can indicate inflammation in the spine.
• Eye inflammation: Redness, pain, or blurred vision caused by inflammation in the eyes, known as conjunctivitis or uveitis.
• Painful urination: This may occur if the urinary tract is affected, leading to discomfort while urinating.
• Skin rashes: Some people may develop rashes or sores on the skin, particularly on the palms, soles of the feet, or around the genitals.

• Severe joint pain and swelling: If you experience intense pain or swelling in multiple joints, it may require more aggressive treatment.
• Vision changes or eye pain: Sudden or severe eye pain, redness, or vision problems should be addressed promptly to avoid further complications.
• Fever or fatigue: Persistent fever, fatigue, or general unwellness along with joint pain may indicate an underlying infection or more severe inflammation.

• Medical history: The doctor will ask about recent infections, particularly gastrointestinal, urinary, or sexually transmitted infections.
• Physical examination: The doctor will check for joint swelling, pain, and other symptoms like eye inflammation or skin rashes.
• Blood tests: These may be used to check for inflammation markers and to identify the presence of the HLA-B27 genetic marker, which is linked to a higher risk of Reactive Arthritis.
• Joint fluid analysis: A sample of fluid from the affected joint may be taken to rule out other types of arthritis, such as gout or bacterial infections.
• Urine or stool tests: These can help identify infections that may have triggered the condition.

• Antibiotics: If the infection is still present, antibiotics are prescribed to treat the infection, particularly for sexually transmitted or urinary tract infections.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs like ibuprofen are commonly used to reduce inflammation and relieve joint pain.
• Corticosteroid injections: In some cases, corticosteroids may be injected directly into the affected joints to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): For more severe cases, DMARDs may be used to reduce immune system activity and prevent long-term joint damage.
• Physical therapy: Exercises to improve flexibility, strength, and joint mobility can help reduce stiffness and improve function.

• Severe joint pain or swelling: If pain or swelling in your joints limits your ability to move or function.
• Eye inflammation or vision problems: Sudden eye redness, pain, or vision changes should be evaluated immediately.
• Ongoing pain or discomfort after an infection: If you've recently had a gastrointestinal or urinary tract infection and continue to experience joint pain or discomfort.

• Practice safe sex: Using condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia, which is a common trigger for Reactive Arthritis.
• Good hygiene: Proper handwashing and food handling can reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria like Salmonella and Shigella.
• Avoid contaminated food or water: When traveling, especially to areas with lower sanitation standards, take care to drink clean water and eat properly prepared food to avoid infections.

• Early treatment of infections: If you develop a gastrointestinal or sexually transmitted infection, seeking prompt treatment can lower the risk of developing Reactive Arthritis as a complication.
• Monitor your health: If you have a history of infections that could trigger Reactive Arthritis, keep track of any joint pain or swelling and report it to your doctor.
• Stay informed about your risks: If you carry the HLA-B27 genetic marker or have a history of autoimmune diseases, discuss your risks with your healthcare provider.