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Home/ Diseases/Rubella

Rubella

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Rubella

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  • Dr. Arthur L Burnett
  • Updated 2024-08-22
  • Published 2024-03-06

What is Rubella? (Contagious Viral Rash)

What is Rubella?

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. It’s generally a mild disease in children; however, it can have serious consequences in pregnant women, leading to fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome.

How is Rubella Transmitted?

Rubella is transmitted from person to person through contact with droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. The virus can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her unborn child via the bloodstream.

What are the Symptoms of Rubella?

Rubella symptoms include a mild fever, sore throat, rash that starts on the face and spreads, headache, and red, inflamed eyes. Some people, especially children, may have no symptoms.

How is Rubella Diagnosed?

Rubella is diagnosed through a physical examination and confirmation with a blood test that checks for rubella antibodies, which are present in the body’s response to the virus.

What are the Risks of Rubella During Pregnancy?

Rubella can cause serious complications in pregnancy, leading to miscarriage, fetal death, or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which can result in severe birth defects such as heart abnormalities, deafness, and brain damage.

How Can Rubella be Prevented?

Rubella can be effectively prevented with the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. This vaccine is typically given to children but can also be administered to non-immune adults.

Is There a Treatment for Rubella?

There is no specific treatment for rubella; care is supportive. This typically includes rest, fluids, and pain relievers to reduce fever and discomfort. The disease is usually mild and resolves on its own in most cases.

The symptoms of rubella include a low-grade fever, sore throat, runny nose, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that lasts for about 3 days. While the infection is usually mild in children and adults, it can be more severe and cause complications in pregnant women, including miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome.

Prevention and control of rubella primarily rely on vaccination. The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is effective in protecting against rubella and is recommended as part of routine childhood immunization. It is also important for pregnant women to ensure their vaccination status and avoid close contact with anyone who might have rubella.

If a person is diagnosed with rubella, they are advised to stay at home to prevent the spread of the virus. Treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, such as rest, fluid intake, and over-the-counter medications for fever and pain. Complications of rubella can be managed based on individual cases and may require specialized medical care.

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Rubella

Causes of Rubella

  • Rubella is caused by the rubella virus.
  • It can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.
  • It can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child through the placenta, resulting in congenital rubella syndrome.

Rubella Symptoms

  • Fever
  • Rash
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Joint pain
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