Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a rare condition that causes the skin and mucous membranes (like the eyes and mouth) to blister and peel off, usually triggered by medication or an infection.

• Medications: Certain drugs, such as antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, and pain relievers, are known triggers of SJS.
• Infections: Viral infections like herpes, pneumonia, and HIV can also lead to SJS in some individuals.
• Genetic factors: Some people may have a genetic predisposition to developing SJS after taking certain medications.
• Weakened immune system: Conditions that suppress the immune system, like cancer or autoimmune diseases, can increase the risk of SJS.

• Those with a history of drug reactions: People who have had adverse reactions to medications in the past may be at higher risk.
• Individuals with weakened immune systems: Conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation can increase vulnerability to SJS.
• People with certain genetic markers: Some genetic factors make certain individuals more susceptible to medication-triggered SJS.
• Patients taking certain medications: Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of SJS.

• Fever: Often one of the earliest symptoms.
• Unexplained skin pain: Skin may become tender or painful even before visible symptoms appear.
• Red or purple rash: The rash typically spreads across the body and can develop into blisters.
• Blisters and sores: These develop on the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth, eyes, nose, and genitals.
• Peeling skin: Large areas of the skin may peel off, similar to a severe burn.

• Widespread blistering and skin peeling: These signs may indicate a serious case of SJS or its more severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).
• Difficulty breathing: Blistering in the throat or respiratory tract can lead to difficulty breathing, which requires urgent care.
• Eye irritation or vision changes: SJS can affect the eyes, leading to serious complications, including vision loss if not treated promptly.
• Severe fever: A high fever, along with the other symptoms, suggests an advanced case that needs immediate medical evaluation.

• Physical examination: A healthcare provider will examine the extent and nature of the skin lesions, blisters, and peeling.
• Medical history: Information about recent medication use or infections helps identify potential triggers of the condition.
• Skin biopsy: A small sample of affected skin may be taken for laboratory analysis to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
• Blood tests: Blood work may be used to identify underlying infections, check immune system function, and monitor organ health.

• Discontinuing the triggering medication: Immediate cessation of the suspected drug is critical to prevent further damage.
• Hospitalization: Most cases require treatment in a hospital, often in a burn unit or intensive care unit (ICU) due to the similarity between SJS and severe burns.
• Fluid replacement and nutrition: Intravenous fluids and nutritional support are essential to replace fluids lost from damaged skin and to support healing.
• Wound care: Careful cleaning and bandaging of affected skin areas to prevent infection and promote healing.
• Pain management: Medications to manage pain and discomfort are often necessary.
• Eye care: Medications or specialized care may be needed to protect the eyes from damage, particularly if they become inflamed or irritated.

• Blistering or peeling skin: This indicates the skin is being damaged and requires urgent care.
• Unexplained skin pain or widespread rash: Painful or spreading rashes can be early indicators of SJS.
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing: These symptoms suggest severe involvement of the throat or respiratory tract.
• Severe fever and flu-like symptoms: A high fever alongside other symptoms can signal a serious progression of the condition.

• Avoid known triggers: If you’ve had a reaction to a medication before, make sure your healthcare provider is aware so they can avoid prescribing it again.
• Genetic testing (if applicable): Some people, particularly those of Asian descent, may benefit from genetic testing to identify if they are at risk for medication reactions that cause SJS.
• Take medications exactly as prescribed: Following instructions closely and not taking medications unnecessarily can reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
• Monitor new medications: Pay attention to any unusual symptoms when starting a new medication, especially during the first few weeks. Early identification of side effects can help prevent more serious reactions.

• Carry a medical alert card or bracelet: If you have a history of SJS or are at high risk, a medical alert can inform healthcare providers about your condition in emergencies.
• Regular check-ups: If you have underlying conditions or take multiple medications, regular medical check-ups can help catch potential issues before they escalate.
• Vaccination for infections: Some cases of SJS are triggered by infections, so staying up-to-date on vaccinations may reduce your risk.