Trachoma – a devastating infectious eye disease
What is Trachoma?
How is Trachoma Transmitted?
What are the Symptoms of Trachoma?
How is Trachoma Diagnosed?
What are the Treatment Options for Trachoma?
Can Trachoma be Prevented?
Is Trachoma Common Worldwide?
The disease is transmitted through direct contact with eye and nasal discharge of infected individuals, as well as by flies that have come into contact with the discharge. It predominantly affects overcrowded communities with limited access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare services.
Trachoma has a gradual onset and if left untreated, it can result in chronic inflammation, scarring of the eyelid, and corneal damage. This can eventually lead to irreversible visual impairment and blindness. The disease is more prevalent in areas with poor hygiene, inadequate facial cleanliness, and limited availability of antibiotics.
Prevention and control strategies for trachoma include improved hygiene practices, access to clean water and sanitation, face washing with soap, and the implementation of the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can effectively cure trachoma and prevent its complications.
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Trachoma elimination programs have been successful in reducing the burden of the disease in many countries. However, it remains a public health concern in certain regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources for healthcare. Ongoing efforts to enhance surveillance, treatment, and prevention strategies are essential in achieving the global goal of eliminating trachoma as a public health problem.
Causes of Trachoma
- Prolonged exposure to the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
- Unhygienic living conditions
- Poor sanitation facilities
- Close contact with infected individuals
- Inadequate access to clean water
- Presence of flies that can spread the disease
Trachoma
- Eye redness and irritation
- Excessive tearing
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Swelling of the eyelids
- Blurred vision
- Eyelid itching and discharge
- Granulation tissue formation inside the eyelids
- Trichiasis (eyelashes rubbing against the cornea)
