How does birth control work?

Hormonal contraceptives have become a popular choice for women looking to prevent unwanted pregnancies, and for good reason. When used correctly, they provide protection in 99.7% of cases. But how exactly do they work?

Hormonal contraceptives contain a specially selected combination of hormones that change a woman's endocrine profile and inhibit ovulation, which is the maturation and release of an egg from the ovary. Additionally, hormonal contraceptives have an anti-implantation effect, changing the endometrium so that an egg cannot attach to it. They also contribute to changes in the biochemical composition of mucus produced by the cervix, making it more dense and viscous, which impairs sperm motility.

Contraceptive drugs begin their action from the moment of taking the first pill, and are usually taken from the first day of menstruation for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break. The contraceptive effect is also maintained during this break, due to the way that hormonal contraceptives work with a woman's natural cycle.

When a woman takes hormonal contraceptives correctly, the daily dose of synthetic hormones blocks the maturation of the egg, resulting in an “empty” cycle where pregnancy is completely excluded. During the seven-day break, the body rests, and the next ovulation occurs in 10-15 days. It's important to follow the instructions and resume taking the pill in a timely manner to ensure protection during the next cycle.

Hormonal contraceptives also help maintain a regular menstrual cycle, with a menstruation-like reaction taking place on a monthly basis. This reaction is often more scant and painless than ordinary menstruation.

Both tablets and other hormonal contraceptives, such as patches and vaginal rings, contain hormones like estrogen and progestin in the necessary quantities to control the cycle and prevent unwanted pregnancy. However, it's important to note that proper administration is key to their effectiveness. This means taking the tablets each day at the same time, and not relying solely on them for protection. Condom use is highly recommended to prevent sexually transmitted infections as well as pregnancy.

In conclusion, hormonal contraceptives are a powerful tool for preventing unwanted pregnancies. By understanding how they work and following the instructions for proper use, women can reduce their risk of unwanted pregnancy to a minimum. However, it's important to remember that they should be used in conjunction with other forms of protection, such as condoms, to ensure comprehensive sexual health.