Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by a blockage from gallstones, leading to pain and sometimes infection.

• Gallstones: The most common cause. These small stones can block the tube (cystic duct) that allows bile to exit the gallbladder.
• Tumors: In rare cases, tumors in the liver or pancreas may block bile flow, leading to gallbladder inflammation.
• Infections: Bacterial infections, particularly in the bile ducts, can cause inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Injury or Trauma: Injury to the abdomen, such as from surgery or a serious accident, can trigger cholecystitis.
• Bile Duct Blockage: Anything that blocks the bile duct, such as scarring or inflammation, can lead to cholecystitis.

• Women: Cholecystitis is more common in women, especially those who are pregnant or taking hormone replacement therapy.
• People Over 40: Age increases the risk of gallstones and cholecystitis.
• Overweight or Obese Individuals: Those with excess body weight have a higher risk of developing gallstones, leading to cholecystitis.
• People with Diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk of gallbladder disease.
• Family History of Gallstones: Genetics play a role in the likelihood of developing gallstones, and therefore, cholecystitis.

• Severe Abdominal Pain: Pain typically occurs in the upper right side of the abdomen and may extend to the right shoulder or back. It often worsens after eating, especially fatty foods.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms commonly accompany the abdominal pain and can be persistent.
• Fever: A low-grade fever may develop, especially if the condition leads to an infection.
• Tenderness in the Abdomen: The area around the gallbladder may feel tender to the touch.
• Bloating and Indigestion: Many people with cholecystitis experience a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the upper abdomen after eating.

• High Fever or Chills: This could signal a serious infection that requires urgent care.
• Jaundice (Yellowing of the Skin or Eyes): Jaundice may occur if the bile duct is blocked, preventing bile from flowing normally.
• Severe, Persistent Pain: If the abdominal pain is unbearable or lasts for several hours without relief, it could indicate a more serious issue, such as a gallbladder rupture.
• Confusion or Rapid Heartbeat: In severe cases, these symptoms may develop, especially if an infection spreads.

• Physical Examination: A doctor may check for tenderness in the abdomen, particularly in the upper right area, to identify signs of gallbladder inflammation.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests can reveal signs of infection, inflammation, or issues with the liver or bile ducts.
• Ultrasound: This is the most commonly used imaging test for diagnosing cholecystitis. It can help detect gallstones and confirm if the gallbladder is inflamed.
• CT Scan or MRI: These imaging tests can provide more detailed pictures of the gallbladder and bile ducts, especially if the doctor suspects complications.
• Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid (HIDA) Scan: This test tracks the flow of bile through the bile ducts to see if there is a blockage, which could indicate cholecystitis.

• Medications: If you have cholecystitis, several medications may be prescribed to manage the condition. Antibiotics are used to treat any bacterial infections that may have caused or worsened the inflammation. Pain relievers, either over-the-counter or prescription, help manage discomfort and reduce pain. Additionally, anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce the inflammation in the gallbladder and promote healing.
• Fasting (NPO): To allow the gallbladder to rest, doctors may recommend not eating or drinking for a period. Intravenous (IV) fluids are used to keep the body hydrated during this time.
• Surgery (Cholecystectomy): If gallstones are causing the inflammation, or if the condition is recurrent or severe, the removal of the gallbladder may be necessary. A cholecystectomy is a common procedure where the gallbladder is surgically removed, usually via minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic surgery).
• Drainage: In some cases, if surgery is not immediately possible, a tube may be inserted into the gallbladder to drain fluid and reduce pressure.

• Seek Medical Attention: If you have severe abdominal pain, fever, or jaundice, visit a healthcare provider or go to the emergency room. Quick treatment can prevent complications.
• Avoid Eating or Drinking: Until a doctor evaluates you, avoid food and drink to prevent worsening symptoms, as the gallbladder may need rest.
• Follow Prescribed Treatment: If your doctor prescribes medications or recommends surgery, follow their instructions carefully to ensure proper recovery and prevent complications.
• Monitor for Worsening Symptoms: If your condition worsens or you experience new symptoms such as confusion or a rapid heart rate, seek emergency medical care right away.

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing gallstones. Losing weight gradually, rather than quickly, can help reduce this risk. Rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of gallstones.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting saturated fats and refined sugars, can lower the risk of gallstone development. Eating healthy fats in moderation, such as those found in olive oil and fish, can also help maintain a healthy gallbladder.
• Exercise Regularly: Regular physical activity helps to regulate metabolism and supports weight management, which can reduce the risk of gallstones.
• Avoid Skipping Meals: Skipping meals or fasting for long periods can increase the risk of gallstones, as regular eating helps keep bile moving through the gallbladder.

• Medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications that reduce the formation of gallstones, particularly for individuals who are at high risk due to rapid weight loss or other medical conditions.
• Monitor Your Health: If you have a family history of gallstones or other risk factors, regular medical check-ups and discussions with your doctor can help identify potential issues early and prevent complications.