Lymphedema: Basic Disease Information - iMedix

Lymphedema is swelling caused by a buildup of fluid when the lymphatic system doesn’t work properly. It most commonly affects the arms or legs but can occur in other areas.

• Surgery: Lymph nodes or vessels may be damaged or removed during surgery, especially for cancer treatment.
• Radiation therapy: Radiation can cause scarring and blockages in the lymphatic system.
• Infection: Severe infections can damage lymph nodes, making it harder for the lymphatic system to function properly.
• Congenital conditions: Some people are born with poorly developed lymphatic systems, making them more prone to lymphedema.

• Cancer survivors: Particularly those who have undergone surgery or radiation for breast, prostate, or other cancers.
• Older adults: Age increases the likelihood of lymphedema, especially in combination with other risk factors.
• People with chronic infections: Long-term infections can damage lymphatic vessels, increasing the risk.
• Individuals with a family history: Some forms of lymphedema are inherited, putting people with affected family members at higher risk.

• Swelling: This is usually noticeable in the arms or legs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. The swelling might start out mild but can become more pronounced over time.
• Heaviness or tightness: The affected limb or area might feel heavy or tight, making it harder to move freely.
• Limited range of motion: The swelling and tightness can make it difficult to move the affected area, such as bending or stretching an arm or leg.
• Hardening of the skin: Over time, the skin may become thicker or feel harder to the touch.
• Recurrent infections: Lymphedema makes it harder for the body to fight infections, leading to repeated skin infections like cellulitis.

• Severe swelling: If the swelling becomes suddenly much worse or very painful, it’s important to see a doctor quickly.
• Fever or redness: A high fever, redness, or warmth in the affected area could indicate an infection, which needs prompt treatment.
• Sudden skin changes: Any sudden changes in the skin’s color or texture, such as extreme redness or blackening, should be reported to a healthcare provider.

• Physical examination: A doctor will check for swelling, skin changes, and loss of movement in the affected area.
• Imaging tests: Tests like MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound may be used to get a clearer picture of the lymphatic system and detect blockages or other issues.
• Lymphoscintigraphy: This is a specialized test where a radioactive dye is injected into the lymphatic system to track how fluid is moving and to identify any blockages.

• Compression therapy: Wearing compression garments, such as sleeves or stockings, helps reduce swelling by encouraging lymph fluid to flow out of the affected area.
• Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD): This is a special type of massage performed by a trained therapist that helps move lymph fluid through the body.
• Exercise: Gentle, low-impact exercises can improve circulation and encourage lymph flow. Your doctor or therapist might recommend specific exercises to help manage symptoms.
• Skin care: Keeping the skin clean and moisturized can help prevent infections, which are more common in people with lymphedema.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be an option to remove excess tissue or create new pathways for lymphatic fluid to drain.

• See a doctor: If you notice swelling or other symptoms, especially after cancer treatment or surgery, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider.
• Start compression therapy: If your doctor has recommended compression garments, begin using them as directed to reduce swelling and manage the condition.
• Maintain good hygiene: Keep the affected area clean and watch for signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or pain.

• Protect your skin: Avoid cuts, burns, and scrapes in areas prone to lymphedema. Even small injuries can increase the risk of infection, which may worsen the condition.
• Avoid tight clothing or accessories: Tight clothes or jewelry can restrict lymph flow, so it’s best to wear loose-fitting, comfortable garments.
• Exercise regularly: Gentle exercises, such as walking or swimming, can help improve circulation and reduce the likelihood of fluid buildup. Be sure to follow any exercise recommendations provided by your doctor or physical therapist.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight can put extra strain on the lymphatic system, increasing the risk of lymphedema. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help manage weight.
• Practice good hygiene: Keep your skin clean and moisturized to prevent infections that could trigger or worsen lymphedema.

• Regular check-ups: If you’ve had surgery or cancer treatment, stay in regular contact with your doctor and report any signs of swelling early.
• Lymphedema education: Learn about lymphedema and its early signs, especially if you're at higher risk. The sooner it's identified, the easier it is to manage.
• Compression garments: If your doctor recommends them, wearing compression garments during activities or long trips can help prevent fluid buildup.