Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (secondary infections): Basic Disease Information - iMedix

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia is a rare blood cancer that affects white blood cells, leading to the production of abnormal proteins and a weakened immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections.

• Genetic Predisposition: Individuals with a family history of blood cancers, including WM, are at higher risk.
• Age: WM typically affects older adults, with most cases diagnosed in people over the age of 60.
• Immune System Defects: The cancerous cells interfere with the immune system, reducing the body's ability to fight infections.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation may increase the risk of developing WM.

• Older Adults: WM is most common in people aged 60 and older.
• Men: Men are more frequently diagnosed with WM than women.
• Individuals with a Family History of Blood Cancers: Having close relatives with blood cancers, including WM, increases risk.
• Those with Weakened Immune Systems: As WM progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, making patients more prone to infections.

• Fatigue and Weakness: Due to anemia and thickening of the blood, patients often feel tired and weak.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Unintended weight loss may occur as the disease progresses.
• Enlarged Lymph Nodes or Spleen: Some people may notice swelling in their lymph nodes or discomfort in the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen.
• Numbness or Tingling in the Extremities: This can occur due to nerve damage caused by the buildup of abnormal proteins.
• Vision Problems: Blurred vision or double vision can result from thickened blood impairing circulation to the eyes.
• Frequent Infections: As the immune system becomes compromised, infections such as respiratory or skin infections become more common.

• Severe Shortness of Breath: If blood thickening severely affects oxygen circulation, difficulty breathing may occur and requires urgent care.
• Severe Infections or Fever: A high fever, persistent cough, or other signs of infection that do not improve should be addressed immediately.
• Uncontrolled Bleeding or Bruising: The abnormal proteins can interfere with clotting, leading to increased bruising or difficulty stopping bleeding.

• Blood Tests: Blood tests are used to detect high levels of macroglobulin (IgM protein) and assess red and white blood cell counts, as well as clotting factors.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: A sample of bone marrow may be taken to examine for abnormal lymphoplasmacytic cells, which are characteristic of WM.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging such as CT scans or MRIs may be used to check for enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, or other organs.
• Electrophoresis: This test helps to identify abnormal proteins in the blood and urine, aiding in diagnosis.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is often used to kill cancerous cells and slow the production of abnormal proteins.
• Targeted Therapy: Medications that target specific proteins or pathways involved in the disease may be used to control WM more precisely.
• Plasmapheresis: This procedure removes excess macroglobulin from the blood, reducing blood thickness and alleviating symptoms like vision problems and fatigue.
• Immune Support: Since WM weakens the immune system, treatments may include immunoglobulin replacement therapy to boost the body's ability to fight infections.

• Consult Your Doctor Regularly: Keep up with scheduled check-ups and report any new or worsening symptoms immediately.
• Follow Treatment Plans: Adhere to prescribed medications and therapies to manage both WM and any secondary infections.
• Stay Alert to Infections: Watch for signs of infection such as fever, cough, or skin redness, and seek medical attention if symptoms arise.

• Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating or touching your face, and after being in public places to minimize exposure to bacteria and viruses.
• Get Vaccinated: Vaccinations like the flu shot, pneumonia vaccine, and shingles vaccine can reduce the risk of serious infections.
• Maintain a Healthy Diet and Lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help strengthen your immune system. Regular exercise can also boost immunity and overall health.
• Avoid Crowded Areas During Flu Season: Limiting exposure to large groups, especially during cold and flu season, reduces the chance of catching airborne infections.
• Monitor Your Health: Regular check-ups and early detection of infections are crucial. Report any symptoms of infection to your healthcare provider immediately to start treatment early.

• Follow Medical Advice: Adhering to your treatment plan, including therapies that target WM, can reduce the likelihood of secondary infections.
• Keep Up with Routine Monitoring: Regular blood tests and imaging can help catch any changes in your health early, allowing for prompt intervention.