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Infectious mononucleosis: Basic Disease Information - iMedix

Infectious mononucleosis

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Infectious mononucleosis

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Infectious Mononucleosis – Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

What is infectious mononucleosis?

Infectious mononucleosis, often called mono, is a contagious disease usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It’s characterized by symptoms like fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen. It’s often spread through saliva and is sometimes called “the kissing disease.”

How is infectious mononucleosis transmitted?

Mono is most commonly transmitted through saliva, which is why it’s often associated with kissing. However, it can also spread through sharing drinks, utensils, or personal items, as well as through coughs and sneezes. Close contact with an infected person increases the risk of transmission.

What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

Symptoms include extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, swollen tonsils, headache, and skin rash. Some people may also experience an enlarged spleen. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may develop gradually.

How is infectious mononucleosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and a physical examination. Blood tests, including the monospot test and Epstein-Barr virus antibody test, can confirm the diagnosis. These tests check for antibodies that indicate an EBV infection.

What is the treatment for infectious mononucleosis?

There is no specific treatment for mono. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications for pain and fever. Antibiotics are not effective against mono since it’s caused by a virus. Recovery may take several weeks to months.

Can infectious mononucleosis lead to complications?

Complications are rare but can include enlargement of the spleen, hepatitis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, heart problems, and neurological complications like meningitis or encephalitis. If symptoms like abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, or severe headache occur, immediate medical attention is needed.

How can the spread of infectious mononucleosis be prevented?

Prevention includes avoiding sharing drinks, food, or personal items with someone who has mono, not kissing someone with mono, and practicing good hygiene, like frequent hand washing. Since EBV can be spread even when symptoms aren’t present, total prevention is difficult.

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include extreme fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen. The infection is commonly spread through saliva, hence it is often referred to as the kissing disease.

While most cases of infectious mononucleosis are mild and resolve on their own, some individuals may experience severe complications, such as an enlarged liver, hepatitis, or anemia. It is important to rest, drink plenty of fluids, and avoid contact sports or activities that may put stress on the spleen during recovery.

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is usually made based on symptoms and confirmed by blood tests that detect antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus. There is no specific treatment for mono, but managing symptoms with over-the-counter medications and getting enough rest can help in the recovery process.

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It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding sharing utensils or personal items, to prevent the spread of infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious Mononucleosis:

  • Fever
  • Sore throat and swollen tonsils
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
  • Headache
  • Skin rash
  • Loss of appetite
  • Muscle aches
  • Night sweats
  • Enlarged spleen
  • Enlarged liver
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